The sources of chronic pain are multifaceted. Whether induced through injury, disease, or other causes, those who suffer from the persistence of chronic pain are often frustrated when their conditions cannot be captured through words or validated clinically. The last few years have seen a tremendous effort toward developing a brain-imaging–based model of pain. While brain imaging is widely considered to have the potential for diagnosis, prognostication, and prediction of treatment outcome in patients with chronic pain, in current practice, there are significant limitations in its reliability, detection, and correlation with other forms of evidence. This seminar will bring together experts from different domains to discuss scientific, ethical, philosophical, and legal issues that relate to pain neuroimaging research.